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Resumen:
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Most methods in modern analytical science involve the use of optical, electrical, thermal or other instruments in addition to the manipulative ‘wet chemistry’ skills which are an essential part of the analyst’s training. Instrumental methods bring chemical benefits, such as the ability to study a wide range of concentrations, achieve very low limits of detection and perhaps study two or more analytes simultaneously. They also bring the practical benefits of lower unit costs and increased speed of analysis, perhaps through partial or complete automation. The results of instrumental analyses are evaluated by using calibration methods that bring about and reflect these advantages and are, to some extent, distinct from the statistical approaches discussed in Part 1 of this review.1 Nonetheless many of the concepts summarized in Part 1 are also applied in the statistics of calibration methods, and familiarity with these concepts is assumed here.
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